Lesson 01 Muf'radaat

Lesson 02 Murak'kabaat

Lesson 03 Har'kaat

Lesson 04 Hur'f Maddah

Still to Come

Individual characters are called Muf'radaat . There are in all 29 Characters . The following are the characters (read right-to-left),

Listen Chapter 01 (zip format)

Identify the dots properly :

Baa ----- One dot Below Character

Taa ----- Two Dots Above Character

Saa ----- Three dots Above Character

Noon --- One dot Above Character

Yaa ----- Two dots Below Character

Read the characters with its sound and charachterictics (Makhraj and Siff'at) .

Every Hur'f (henceforth referred to as character) , has its quality/characteristics by which it is identified viz. Thin , Thick , Whistle , Tongue position etc.

• Saa(4) , Zaal , Zaa(17) : These characters have same accent (Makhraj) but they differ in Siff'at (characteristics) . The Makhraj for these characters is same i.e. The tip of the tongue touches the front-top two teeth in such a way that person sitting in front can view slightly the tip coming out. Also remember Saa(4) and Zaal sounds gentle , whereas for Zaa(17) the sound comes with filled mouth (balloons the mouth) .

• Taa(3), Taa(16), Daal : Tip of tongue touches the root (gums) of the front-top two teeth. Taa(3) has a thin sound and Taa is thick and fills mouths (balloons the mouth).

• Seen , Saad , Zaa(11) : Tip of tongue touches the front-bottom two teeth. Zaa(11) sounds tough with a whistle. Saad is similar to Seen but it s sound has more height, the mouth opens and jaws pull apart.

• Hamza , Haa(27) : Comes from the bottom of the throat , near the chest .

• Ain , Haa(6) : Comes from middle of the throat . For Haa(6) the mouth opens , jaws pull apart and air comes out . Also Haa(6) is thick compared to Haa(27).

• Khaa , Gain , Qaaf , Kaaf : Gain and Khaa comes from the initial part of the throat , towards the mouth. When the root of the tongue is made to touch the upper jaw the sound of Qaaf is echoed. For Kaaf , the tongue's middle portion is raised upwards to touch the inner jaw on the upper side . Sound of Kaaf comes outside. Whereas that of Qaaf goes inside.

Most of the characters , when written in script might appear in different form and shapes . It is important that you identify each of them .

Keep in mind the following:

Noon , Yaa , Baa , and Taa : have the same shape , except for the number of dots and their positions above or below the character which help you identify them.

In the end you will find the Lesson(Qaida) for Hamzaa. It shows Hamza appearing in four different forms when written in Arabic Script. These are

Hamza in its own form , Hamza in Alif form , Hamza in Wao form and Hamza in Yaa form.

After you finish with this lesson , take any example of text and try identifying them. Read the characters separately . Inshallah you should be able to easily identify them by now.

Following are few more examples for you to try out

                                    Page 15                                                                                                                 Page 14

Read the Test on page 15 as separate characters , this will help test the identification of Arabic Characters and how they appear in the Qur'an

Zabr (Fatah) , Zer (Kasr)  , Pesh (Zamm) are called Harkaat . These generally appear above and below the Arabic characters .

to be continued in the next session...